Map showing the distribution of mines.
See also Mines in Kelly's Directory, 1873 and the general gazetteer.
Mining was one of the principle industries and sources of employment in West Cornwall and its roots can be traced back to the Bronze Age. Records are notoriously scarce, especially details of the humble below ground worker. Even details of what mines existed and when can often be contradictory. I have compiled this list of mines from a number of references including [Hamilton-Jenkin 1961], [Noall 1973, 1982 & 1997] and [Burt et. al. 1987]. Some very useful information was also obtained from "Fluffy" Heather Coleman's mine data site (no longer online). A further source is the 1896 report of Joseph S. Martin, H. M. Inspector of Mines for the South Western District, as published online by the Peak District Mines Historical Society Ltd. The 5 mines listed in bold in the last column seem to have been the only ones operating at that time.
Ag=Silver, As=Arsenic, Bi=Bismuth, Cu=Copper, Fe=Iron, Pb=Lead, Sn=Tin, U=Uranium, Zn=Zinc.
Mine | Map Ref. | Parish | Minerals, dates of operation & related mines |
---|---|---|---|
Wheal Adelaide | Lelant | 1905 | |
Wheal Alice | Lelant | 1873–77 | |
St. Ives Wheal Allen | 499399 | Ives | 1859, Cu 1868, Sn 1862–68 |
Argus | 417296 | Sancreed | 1872, Sn 1873–75 |
Augusta | 380302 | Just | Sn 1852–54 |
Avarack | 443289 | Madron | |
Wheal Ayr | 513405 | Ives | 1847–50 |
Higher Bal | 369342 | Just | |
Wheal Bal | 381337 | Just | 1851, Sn 1852–62 |
Baldhu Syndicate | Ludgvan | 1907 Tincroft | |
Balleswidden | 387312 | Just | Sn 1852–75 |
Balleswidden United | 436298 | Sancreed/Just | Sn 1854 |
East Balleswidden | 393304 | Just | Sn 1853, Sn 1873–74 |
New Balleswidden | 393304 | Just | Sn 1889–95 |
North Balleswidden | 389309 | Just | Sn 1905–06 |
Balnoon (Consols) | 508381 | Ives/Lelant | <1758, 1845–50, Sn 1852–56, 1858, 1905–09 Worvas Downs |
North Battery | 519411 | Ives | 1821 |
Bellan | 359311 | Just | Sn 1895–96, Sn 1910–13, 1894–1902 St. Just United |
Bennyon | Lelant | 1584 | |
Billia Consols | Towednack | Sn 1865–67, 1864–70 | |
Boldstamps | Lelant | <1870 | |
Bollowal/Ballowal | 356312 | Just | Sn, 1859–65 Bosorne |
West Wheal Bolton | Ludgvan | James Francis, purser in dispute with merchants of Hayle, 1854–56 | |
Boscaswell Downs | 383344 | Just | Cu 1852–71, Sn 1855–77, 1879 |
East Boscaswell | 390340 | Just | 1872, Sn 1873–77 |
North Boscaswell (United) | 380350 | Just | 1906–10, Sn 1911–12, 1913 |
Boscean | 364321 | Just | Sn 1852–71, 1872–73 Cunning United |
Bosigran Consols | 421365 | Morvah/Zennor | Sn 1907 |
Bosorne | 359308 | Just | Sn 1852–54, 1859–64 & Ballowal, 1865 East St. Just United |
East Bosorne | 363309 | Just | Sn 1854 |
Bostraze | 389313 | Just | Sn 1888–90, 1891 |
Boswarthen/Bosworthan (Penzance Consols) | 412290 | Sancreed | Sn, 1860–66 |
Boswedden | 355322 | Just | 1853–72 Castle, Sn 1869–74, 1872–76 Cunning United |
Botallack | 364331 | Just | Cu 1845–95, Sn 1853–1913, As 1875–95, 1872–75 Carnyorth |
East Botallack | 396312 | Just | 1880, Sn 1881–85 |
Botrea | 397312 | Sancreed/Just | Sn, 1907–08 |
Brea/Bray Consols | 482404 | Towednack | 1822, 1838–48, 1858, Sn 1862–63, 1906 |
Wheal Brothers | 509378 | Ives | |
The Bunny | 364333 | Just | |
Bussow/Bossow/Buzza | 494385 | Towednack | Sn, 1852, formerly Tyringham Consols, Sn 1880–81 |
Caer Bran | 404292 | Sancreed | |
Cape Cornwall | 350318 | Just | Sn 1866–68, 1867 St. Just Consols, 1864–75 |
Carbisse | Ives | 1584 | |
Carn Galver | 421364 | Zennor/Morvah | 1851–59, Sn 1871–77, 1882, 1907 Bosigran Consols |
Carnaquidden | 467352 | Gulval | Sn, 1909–12 |
Wheal Carne | 383339 | Just | Sn 1852–57 |
Carnelloe/Cornello (Consols) | 442388 | Zennor | Cu, 1853–56, 1862–66, Sn 1872–73, 1871–74 |
Carn Leskis | 356306 | Just | |
Carnyorth | 372334 | Just | Sn 1853–75, 1872–75 Botallack, As 1875 |
Carrick Du/Carrack Dews | 507413 | Ives | 1810–38, 1853, Cu 1856–59, Sn 1859–60, 1861–62 |
Wheal Castle | 355326 | Just | 1853–72 Boswedden, Sn 1853–74, 1872–76 Cunning United, Sn/Fe 1885 |
Wheal Chance & Good Fortune | 505350 | Lelant (Zennor?) | 1809, 1874 |
Wheal Clarence | |||
Wheal Cleveland | 475402 | Zennor | 1845–58 |
Cliff Down | |||
Collurian | 524357 | Lelant | |
Wheal Comfort | Ives/Lelant | 1873 Providence Mines | |
Wheal Conquer (Consols) | Towednack | 1857, 1859–61 | |
Cot Valley | 362305 | Just | |
Wheal Crack | Ives | <1832 | |
Croft An Vor | 394296 | Just | |
East/Wheal Cunning (United) | 362317 | Just | Sn 1873–76, 1874 Boscean, Boswedden & Castle |
Wheal Cupid | 530377 | Lelant | |
Darlington | 507318 | Ludgvan/Marazion | Cu 1845–47 |
Ding Dong | 437346 | Gulval | Sn 1855–78 |
South Ding Dong | Gulval | Sn, 1860–62 | |
West Ding Dong | 415301 | Sancreed/Gulval | Sn 1853–55 |
Do Em | Just | Sn 1862, 1864 | |
Wheal Dollar | Zennor | 1823–25, 1834–41. Dispute between Revd. William Hockin and John Rosewarne, Gent. & Thomas Pearce, Mine Agent regarding non-working, 1838–40 | |
Dolquoth | 452281 | Madron | |
Wheal Dorothy | 511388 | Ives | |
Durlo | 498370 | Towednack | 1831. Sn 1859–64 |
Wheal Edward | 360328 | Just | Sn, 1878–81 Wheal Owles |
Wheal Elizabeth | 452281 | Madron | |
Wheal Fanny Adela | 535388 | Lelant | Cu 1868–69, 1869 Hawkes Point, 1871 |
West Wheal Fanny | Zennor | 1852–53 | |
West Wheal Fortune | 528326 | Ludgvan | |
Garden | 416356 | Morvah | 1853, Sn 1864–71, 1860–<73 |
Geevor | 375345 | Just | Cu 1895, Sn 1892–1913, Sn 1896, North Levant |
Wheal George | Ives | 1832–39 | |
Georgia Consols | 487363 | Towednack | 1847–48, Sn 1852–55, 1871–73, 1911–12 Giew |
Giew (Consolidated) | 498370 | Towednack/Lelant | 1869–71, >1871, 1877 South Providence, 1908–10, Sn 1911–13 Georgia Consols, 1917–22 |
Wheal Gift | 503379 | Towednack/Ives | 1860 |
Wheal Gilbert (Consols) | 689431?? | Towednack/Ludgvan | Sn 1875 |
Good Fortune | Ives/Lelant | 1873 Providence Mines | |
Goole Pellas | 498397 | Towednack/Ives | 1876–77 Rosewall Hill & Ransome, Sn 1876–81 |
Wheal Grace | Lelant | 1756–58 | |
North Wheal Grylls | Zennor | 1864 | |
Gunard's/Gurnett's Head | 438382 | Zennor | 1843–44 |
Hallywoone | Lelant | 1584 | |
Hawk's Point | 535388 | Lelant | 1849, Cu 1851–53, 1867–69 Fanny Adela, Cu 1884, Sn 1883–84, 1901 East Providence |
Wheal Hearle | 390340 | Just | Cu 1862, Sn 1861–64 |
Wheal Henry | 470279 | Madron | West Tolvadden |
Wheal Hermon | 357307 | Just | Sn 1874–81, 1913 Letcha Vean Olds |
Wheal Hope | Zennor | 1845–48 | |
Wheal Hope | Lelant | 1844–45 | |
Island Consols | Ives | 1853 | |
Kelynack | 368303 | Just | 1900, Sn 1901, 1906–10, Sn 1910–11 |
Wheal Kitty | 510362 | Lelant | Sn 1852–74, 1873 Polpeor, 1875–81 Wheal Sisters |
South Wheal Kitty | 524357 | Lelant | 1863 Wheal Rock, Sn, 1860–74 |
Wheal Kitty and Mary United | Lelant | 1858–61 | |
Wheal Lady Down & Conquer | Towednack | 1836 | |
Wheal Laity | Ives/Lelant | 1873 Providence Mines | |
Lelant Consols | 504359 | Lelant | 1829–40, 1844–52, Sn 1853–60, 1861–67, 1905–09 |
Lelant Syndicate | Lelant | 1911 | |
Lelant Towant/Towans | Lelant | 1710, 1820 | |
Leswidden | 393304 | Just | Sn 1913 |
Letcha Cliff | 356306 | Just | |
Levant | 368346 | Just | Cu 1845–1913, Sn 1852–1913, As 1881–1913, Sn Cu As 1896 |
North Levant | 376341 | Just | Cu 1875–79, Sn 1854–1913, Cu 1886, Cu 1895, As 1885, 1892–1913 Geevor |
Wheal Locke | Lelant/Ludgvan | Sn 1892–94 | |
West Wheal Lucy | 546380 | Lelant | 1871–76 |
Ludgvan Lease | Ives | 1853–57 | |
Wheal Margaret | 505362 | Towednack/Lelant | 1790, 1798, 1840, Sn 1855–77, 1877 Wheal Sisters |
East Wheal Margaret | 525388 | Ives/Lelant | Sn 1852–65, Sn 1902–03, 1902 Praed |
Ludgvan/South Wheal Margaret | 531353 | Ludgvan/Lelant | 1854–57, 1872–82 |
West Wheal Margaret | 397275 | Buryan | |
West Wheal Margaret | Towednack/Lelant | Sn 1869–72 | |
Margaret Ann | Just | Sn 1874 | |
Wheal Margery | 525394 | Ives/Lelant | 1760, Pb/Ag 1861–66, 1853, Cu 1855–70, Sn 1854–68, 1863–65 Trelyon |
Wheal Mary | 506366 | Lelant | 1838, Sn 1855–77, 1877 Trencrom, Wheal Sisters |
East Wheal Mary | Lelant | 1871–73 | |
Wheal Merth | 527357 | Lelant | |
West Metal | 396312 | Just | Sn, 1860–65 |
Metal Work | |||
Wheal Montague | 487381 | Towednack | 1851–56 |
Morvah & Zennor United | 416357 | Morvah/Zennor | 1836–41 |
Morvah Consols | 407359 | Morvah | 1851–54, 1871–90, Sn 1874 |
Morvah Hill | 417357 | Morvah | Sn, 1907 Bosigran Consols, 1908 Resemergy |
Mount Tiack | Lelant | 1852–56 | |
Wheal Music | 483388 | Towednack | 1839, 1844 |
Nance Valley | Lelant | 1860–62 | |
Nancherrow Valley | 357323 | Just | |
Nancothan | 443289 | Madron | |
Nanjizal Bay | 358237 | Levan | |
Wheal Nantz | Lelant | 1849 | |
Wheal North | Lelant | 1904 | |
Wheal Owles | 366325 | Just | Cu 1878–88, Sn 1853–95, As 1879–80, Bi 1877–79, U 1877–79 see also Wheal Owles Mine Disaster, 1893 and The Flooding of Wheal Owles |
Oxman's Stamps | 390355 | Just | |
Pedn Olva/Penolva | 519404 | Ives | 1822 |
Wheal Pencrom | Lelant | Sn, 1869–70 | |
Pendeen Consols | 381359 | Just | Cu 1858–71, Sn 1862–70 |
Penzance Consols (Boswarthen) | 412290 | Sancreed | Sn 1853–54, 1866 |
Polpeor | 510362 | Lelant | 1873–74 Wheal Kitty, Sn 1874–75, 1875 Wheal Sisters |
Porth Ledden | 353319 | Just | Sn 1908–13 |
Praed Consols | 518360 | Lelant/Towednack | Sn, 1850–54, 1860–63 |
Providence Mines | 523384 | Ives/Lelant | 1821, 1832, Cu 1845–78, Sn 1853–1910, 1915 Wheal Providence, Wheal Comfort, Wheal Laity, Wheal Speed, Good Fortune |
East Providence | 528387 | Lelant | 1852–<57, Sn 1863–71, 1872, 1901 Hawk's Point |
North Wheal Providence | Ives | Cu/Sn, 1859–73, 1862–82 | |
South Providence | 523381 | Ives/Lelant/Towednack | Sn 1855–57, 1869–72, 1870–89, 1877 Giew, Sn 1875–82, 1889, 1906–09 Worvas Downs |
West Providence | 494385 | Towednack/Ives | Cu, Sn 1881–83 Buzza, 1891 |
Wheal Racer | 489393 | Ives/Towednack | Sn 1906–09 |
Randsom/Ransom United | 499395 | Ives/Towednack | 1857, Sn 1863–77, As 1869, 1860–75 Rosewall Hill, 1876 Goole Pellas |
Wheal Reeth (Consols) | Lelant/Towednack | 1757, 1785–<1812, 1812–42, 1836, Sn 1853–67 | |
East Wheal Reeth | 514375 | Lelant | 1850–55, 1857–60, 1868–71 |
Wheal Rose | 396354 | Morvah/Zennor | 1893 |
Wheal Rose | Towednack | 1854–55 | |
Rosemergy | 420363 | Morvah | 1758, Sn, 1907 Bosigran, 1908 Morvah Hill, 1908–15 |
Rosevale | 458379 | Zennor | 1906, Sn 1908–13, 1912–18 |
Rosewall Hill/Stamps | 497392 | Towednack | 1584, 1680, 1808–15, 1838–42, 1845–50, Sn 1863–77, Ransom, 1876 Goole Pellas |
Whael Ruby | Ludgvan | Sn, 1872–73 | |
St. Ives Consols | 506397 | Ives | 1818–82, Cu 1856–75, Sn 1853–1913, 1925? |
St. Ives Mines | Ives | 1687, 1917–22 | |
South St. Ives | Ives | 1864–65 | |
West St. Ives | 482404 | Towednack/Ives | Sn, 1866–72, 1868–83 |
St. Just Amalgamated | 352316 | Just | Sn 1869–77 |
St. Just Consols | 358298 | Just | Sn 1864–67, 1867 Cape Cornwall |
St. Just United | 352316 | Just | Sn 1862–1909, Sn 1896 |
East St. Just United | 359308 | Just | 1865 Bosorne, Sn 1867 |
Wheal Sandwich | 477380 | Towednack/Zennor | 1836 |
Wheal Sarah | Ives or Gulval? | 1838 | |
Wheal Sisters | 509363 | Lelant | Cu 1845–48, 1875 Wheals Mary, Margaret & Kitty, 1875 Polpeor, 1877 Trencrom, Sn 1875–1911, Sn 1896 |
Spearn Consols | 371338 | Just | Sn 1853–74, 1874–77 Spearn Moor |
Spearn Moor | 368339 | Just | Cu 1862–74, Sn 1854–79, 1874 Spearn Consols, As 1875 |
South Wheal Speed | 523381 | Ives/Lelant | Cu 1851, Sn 1852–55, 1873 Providence Mines |
Wheal Sperris (Consols) | 477380 | Towednack/Zennor | 1836, 1853, Sn 1855, 1862, Zn 1872 |
Stennack Stamps | Ives | <1876 | |
Sterran | |||
Wheal Strawberry | 524357 | Lelant | |
Old/New Tincroft (Consols/United) | 500361 | Towednack/Ludgvan | 1836–41, 1855–59, Sn 1875–79, 1886, 1907 Baldhu |
West Tolvadden | 470279 | Madron/Paul | Cu 1862–64 Wheal Henry |
Towan | Lelant | 1855 | |
Tredinney Consols | Buryan | Sn, 1862–68 | |
Treen Downs | 436383 | Zennor | <1821 Sn 1906–07 |
Tregender | 519342 | Ludgvan | |
Tregerthen | Zennor | 1872 | |
St. Aubyn Tregenna | 518392 | Ives | 1847 |
Treloweth | 541355 | Lelant | Cu 1854–66 |
Trelyon Bounds | Lelant | 1836–58 | |
Trelyon Consols/Downs | 518388 | Ives | 1849, Cu 1851, Sn 1853–74, Wheal Venture |
Trembethow | Lelant | 1825 | |
Trencrom/Tremcrob-ben | 515368 | Lelant | 1857, Cu 1862, Sn 1861–67, Sn 1871–75, Sn 1913, 1877–81 Wheal Mary, Wheal Sisters |
Wheal Trenwith (Stamps) | Ives | 1792, 1825, Cu 1845–63, Sn 1856–57, 1863, 1905, Sn 1912–13, Pb, U 1911–13, 1917–20 | |
Trevarrack (United) | 524372 | Lelant | Sn, 1869–73, 1873–76, 1911 |
Treveal | Zennor/Towednack | 1836 | |
Trevega/Trevalga Bal/Trevigia | 482405 | Towednack | 1841–42, 1864–73, Sn 1907–13, 1915 |
Great Trevegean | 366289 | Just | Sn 1873–76 |
Trevethoe | 528357 | Lelant | Sn 1903–05 |
Trewartha | Lelant | 1845–52 | |
Trewellard | Just | Sn, 1859 | |
Trewey Downs/Consolidated | 461368 | Zennor/Towednack | Sn 1906–10 |
Trowan Consols | Towednack | 1846–54. Richard Kerwick, purser dispute with shareholders 1849–50. | |
Truthall | St. Just | Sn, 1856 | |
Tundra | Zennor | Sn, 1913 | |
Tyringham Consols | 494385 | Towednack/Ives | Sn, 1860–65 |
Ulla | Lelant | ||
Wheal Union | Ives/Towednack | 1836 | |
North United | Zennor | 1843–48 | |
Velenoweth | Ives or Ludgvan? | <1849 | |
Wheal Venture | 520390 | Ives | Sn, 1836–39, 1863–72 Trelyon Consols |
Wheal Wellesley | Ives | 1836 | |
Wheal West | |||
Western Worke | Ives | 1585 | |
Wherry | |||
Wheal Widden | Morvah | 1849 | |
Worvas Downs | 511383 | Ives | 1810–17, Sn, 1860–72, 1905–13, Balnoon Consols |
Yankee Boy | 322325?? | Zennor | Sn 1896 |
Zennor Consols | 443388 | Zennor | 1873–75 |